LAD #21

Summarize Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth

Carnegie states how civilization has changed and revolutionized within the past years in that homes, lives, and possessions of the wealthy have advanced drastically beyond those of the laborer. But he states that economic inequality is actually a good thing because it allows for the development of art and the advancement of the civilization. This does not only affect wealthy but the common laborers. He also raises a question. First, he states that a family's wealth could be kept and passed down in the family. Most cases from father to son.

LAD #20

Summarize Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1863. It stated that any Black people held under slavery in the deep south who are under revolt against the Union are declared "forever free". The gov't will protect these people freedom from those who try to deny them. Those trying to deny these freedoms will have to suffer consequences. Lincoln declares that some states in the south do not have to follow these guidelines. These states include: Louisiana (New Orleans) and Virginia. Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama  Florida, Georgia, South Carolina  North Carolina, and Virginia are to be considered to follow these guidelines and serve as free territory for slaves to go free and have their rights maintained if they lived in the North.

LAD #19

Summarize Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address

As Lincoln enters his second term, he addresses that the problems that he has been trying to fix are still not yet solved. There has been secession and the problems dealing with slavery was never solved during his first term. Due to this, a Civil War has currently overcome the Union. He reminds the union that no one wanted war. In fact, both sides wanted to negotiate and divide the nation without war. However, the extremists on both sides wanted war and was eventually accepted by both sides. Lincoln didn't realize that the Civil War would cause so many casualties on both sides for something that both sides did not want. Patrons from each side have looked past their problems to try to end the war with a victory favoring them by turning to the Almighty himself. Lincoln stated that God has his own plans for ending war. This meant he was unsure whether the war will come to a stop or will it continue for a longer time. He suggests that citizens help out and people need to finish the work they have started, helping to the heal the nation's wounds.

LAD #18

Summarize Dred Scott Decision.
When the Supreme Court met to discuss Scott vs. Sanford case. The Chief Justice Roger B. Taney was chosen by the court to write the majority of the court. Initially, the court supported Sanford and did not take into consideration the Missouri Compromise of the issues that dealt with black citizenship. But when Taney was chosen, both of these factors were accounted for. James Bachanan got in contact with some of his friends in the Supreme Court to find out the status of case, so he could talk about it in his inauguration. When he found out he used the speech to support the decision that was made by the court. He first talked about black citizenship not only for slaves but for free black me. He states that they are not a citizen whether they are free or not. Therefore, Scott could not sue in the federal court He continued on with the constitutionally of the Missouri Compromise saying that America got from France from the Louisiana Purchase. He continued by announcing that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Scott had one last chance if Taney said he was free because he was staying in a free state. Taney dismissed the cast and sent it back to the lower court where he told them to do the same thing which upheld the Missouri Compromise and the Supreme Court had ruled in the favor of Sanford.

LAD #17

Summarize "Ain't I a Woman" Speech:
This is a speech that is given by Sojouner Truth's. She starts off by describing how white women are treated. They are treated delicately. But is Sojouner a woman? Then why does she works in the fields and gets whipped often. Her 13 children got sold off to slaves and she never had anywhere to go for comfort. In addition, she argues that even if ther intellect is less capable than a white's or a man's, she still shouldn't be treated poorly. She also addresses the argument of the clergy. Which statese that women have less rights than men because Jesus was a man. She states that Jesus was really born as a woman. Basiscally, she is stating that women should be able to turn the world right side up and the men should be okay with this.

LAD #16

Summarize Frederick Douglass "5th of July" Speech
Frederick Douglass was asked to talk about " What to the Slave is the Fourth of July". He did not address this question in a joyous speech but he stated that the white man can celebrate their independence. But what about the Blacks. To the Blacks it was a mockery, who have been brutally oppressed. Therefore, he states that the Fourth Of July is the worst day for the Blacks. Also, he made it clear that he did not dennounce slavery, but only will do so in ways that are right and just. Overall, this speech is talking about how Fourth Of July is a bad day for Blacks and it should not be like this.

LAD #15

Summarize Lincoln's Gettysburg Address

This speech addresses and recognizes the soldiers who fought in the Civil War because they gave their lives in order to preserve the union. He also addresses the importance and gravity of such a demanding cause. Lincoln understands that by no means could any value of worth could be added to the sacrifice that these soldiers made by words alone. He also states that living cannot serve the dead by remembering them. This cause was a free government created by and for the people and the government will continue to protect citizens rights.

LAD #14

Summarize Lincoln's First Inaugural Address.

In his Inaugural Address he focuses on the conflict between the North and South. This conflict pertains to the issue of slavery that has been dividing the nation. Initially, he refuses to take any sides dealing with the issue. Therefore, his main goal is to preserve the nation as a single republic. He states that he is looking solely at the Constitution as the authority of this matter. A provision stated that fugitive slaves who have come to the North are free. He also emphasizes the importance of unity which has held the United States together since before the creation and ratification of the Constitution  His main idea is that the nation must stay together and not become each other's enemies.

LAD #13

Read John Calhoun's Speech and Summarize

He addressed that the issue of slavery was a threat of the preservation of the union. The discontent in the South was growing but they remained silent. The South felt they were oppressed by the North in government because they had a bigger population in states. He also talks about several flaws in the central government and the lack of representation of the South. Therefore, he proposes that the North sacrifices some of their power to the South to obtain a balance between the two. In the end, he states that he has fulfilled his responsibilities to the country by proposing a simple solution.

LAD #12

Read President's Polk War Message and Summarize

Polk discusses American and Mexican relations including border disputes and violence. Mexico's relationship with American was not very good and the violence between the two lead to many American citizens deaths. Friendly attempts were made to mend with Mexico but Mexico did not give the same mutual efforts. Mr. Slidell was sent by American government to discuss the safety of Americans and establish borders. However, he was rejected by the Mexicans even though he was promised an opportunity to negotiate affairs between the two countries. Overall, Mexico did not enforce treaties, trade was a mess, and mistreatment of Americans were unacceptable. War between the two countries would be justified.

LAD #11

Read the Declaration of Sentiments from the Seneca Falls Convention - summarize

This Document is split into two portions. These two portions are the Declaration of Sentiments and the resolutions of the women. The first section is structured the same as the Declaration of Independence. This document starts off by stating the main reason why the Declaration was written. It was a document pertaining to women rights. It states that women's rights were oppressed by the men. It stated that women should have the basic rights that men held. For instance, owning property, voting, divorce, and more. The second part stated that women are equal to men.

LAD #10 - Monroe Doctrine

Read the Monroe Doctrine - summarize



The Monroe Doctrine was essentially an announcement to Europe that stated that they are no longer allowed to colonize or claim territory. This document explains America's foreign policy and how American wants to stay out of foreign affairs because they cannot succeed  with foreign countries holding power in their nation. It also stated that they wanted to stay out of foreign affairs because all they do is cause conflicts and tangle Americans in problems that they want to avoid. The Monroe Doctrine is a strict foreign policy and limits the contacts that American had with outside nations. Therefore, Monroe Doctrine was an announcement that made it clear that America was growing into an independent nation and their foreign policy was isolation.

LAD#9

Summarize Washington 1st Inaugural Speech.

Paragraph #1: Washington talks about his appreciation about the election but is over-whelmed by the the huge responsibility.
Paragraph #2: Washington encourages people to follow the constitution in order to achieve unity as a country. He is mainly ensuring the people that they are united under a strong government and that their rights will be protected no matter what.
Paragraph #3: In this paragraph Washington encourages people to look in the future. He reminds them of their pros of their country. Which includes: available land, industry, belief in mortality, and a strong government.
Paragraph #4: He talks about the key principles of the constitution. This includes: equal justice to men, support of state governments, right of election, payment of debts, economy, well-disciplined militia and more.

Columbus Blog #8

Should Christopher Columbus be considered as a hero or villain? Explain your answer.

           Overall, he is a hero. Even though he did make some mistakes that made him look bad. Such as, dismissed new world cultures, exploited natural resources, brought racism and destroyed the environment. Columbus may have done these bad things but his other achievements were far more important and made him a hero. Columbus made four expeditions that included exploring the lands of the Canneries  Caribbean  Bahamas, Hispaniola, and other locations. He discovered North America, even though he thought it was India. Thus, people living in this area were called Indians. In addition, Christopher was a religious man who believed in god. Also, he inspired the Colombian Exchange. This was an exchange of people, plants, animals, and even diseases between the two hemispheres. Today we wouldn't be here and there would be a starvation in Europe without Columbus.
          Therefore, even though Columbus committed some villainous actions, his good outweighed the bad in him. Which makes him a hero. He has played a significant role in the development of history.

LAD #7: Washington's Farewell Address

Address and Summarize

This speech is about George Washington retiring from office after serving 2 terms. He was looking forward to his retirement. He would have retired during his first term but he did not want to leave the United States in the bad state it was in. Overall, he was happy with what he saw. He truly thought the constitution would last and be influential in the future. The second part of his farewell is talking about how well the government is doing now. He addresses the fact the small and large areas, in the end will benefit each other. Especially, since each has resources and   pieces that others are dependent on. The north and south were dependent on each other for trade and agriculture. In addition, the east and west help distribute and share products, that are not produces by the other. This shows the strength and security of the nation. He also believes that the unity of the states is essential. He specifically states that no matter what is happening the states must stay strong and unified as one. Those who do not listen to this Constitution should be considered a threat to the society. Washington also warns the possible political groups. They could result in riots and violence which could disturb the unity of the states. Additionally, he states that they should stick to their good morals and virtues. He strongly suggests the people who owe money should really pay off their debts, to make sure the economy is running smoothly. He feels everyone needs to be honest in society. Lastly, he closes the whole farewell talking about how it is important for the United States to remain neutral. However, he did support trade only in a economical way. This is a very important document today.

LAD #6: Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality

Address and Summarize 
In April 1793, George Washington claimed that the United States will remain neutral during a war. The war he was specifically talking about was between Austria, Prussia, Sardinia, Great Britain  and United Netherlands vs. France. He states that if any citizen that is caught helping in any type of war effort will not be protected anymore by the United States. In addition  these people will be considered betrayers of their country and get punished under American laws.

Republican Motherhood Blog

1. What role did Revolutionary War play in the transformation of housewifery to Republican Motherhood?

The Revolutionary war brought women a whole new role in their society than they had ever had before. Women were usually expected to look after the house and kids. But women contributed to the war effort while their husbands were gone. With these new responsibilities women of the revolution began their roles in society. The Revolution caused and let women have a chance to step up and contribute to their communities. Soon into the revolution the colonial women had new responsibilities such as educating themselves and taking care their husbands properties.  The education allowed them to pass on the education to their children and teach them the importance  of government and liberty.

2. What were the consequences of Republican Motherhood on women?

Women were not taken serious, those who wanted to become more important and influential in their communities. People thought women were not able to do anything except for being a house wife. The common belief that most people during this time period is women should only take care of the house. They did not realize what more they had to offer. The idea of women having more power in the colonies is unacceptable. It they did not fulfilled their responsibilities in the house they were not accepted as the others who did.

3.What is the significance of the ideology of Republican Motherhood as the stage in process of women's socialization?

It allowed women during that time and future to realized that they should have opportunities for different roles in their societies rather than just being a housewife. By becoming more educated and wanting to become responsible for more important things. Women kept on pushing harder and harder to achieve this goal.

 Describe the setting

The setting is the mother sitting on the couch with her two sons but they are missing a father. However, it seems they are all happy. Even though there is not much light.

Who serves at the center of the portrait and why? How does the women look? How is she "republican" rather than aristocratic?

The center of the portrait is the mother of the two kids this is because she is holding the two kids. The mother looks like a young and wealthy mother. She is a "republican" because this picture shows that she is taking care of her kids. Not a servant that she hired like the aristocratic would do. In addition, since her husband is missing it is implying that she is more independent than other women.

What values do her son's exhibit?

The sons look like they have a really close bond with their mother because they are close together in the picture.

Is there a significance to the position of Mrs. Tilgham's arm?

I think the significance is that her arms is holding her children close to her because she must have spend more time with her children. This is because they all care for each other and she is showing her natural mother instincts.

LAD #5: Federalist #10

1. Why are factions so difficult to eliminate?
• They are so difficult to eliminate because they are inevitable part of the society. There are ways a couple of ways that a person could deal with factions. Which is either removing them completely or controlling their effects. In order, to actually eliminate them is to have each person have the same thoughts, opinions, and beliefs. The other option of controlling their effects would make one group happy but leave another group unhappy. However, both of these options have some positives and negatives even though it goes against everything colonists fought for during the Revolutionary War. It is the opposite of what America stands for. Trying to eliminate factions would have to deal with the compromise of independence and democracy which colonists are not in favor for.
2. If factions cannot be removed then how can they be controlled?
• There are two ways to control fractions, as I have stated above. The first is to give every person the same opinions, passions, and interests which will remove their liberty and democracy. The problem with this is that controlling liberty is very hard to do in society and especially within the political aspects of American's lives. The other option is to prevent the existence of alike interests in a majority of people by removing their freedom. Therefore, the only way to really control factions if they can not be eliminated is to get rid of American's freedom which they fought against the British for.

LAD #4 - Revolution Article

List 5 things that you have learned from the article "Rethinking the Revolution":

1. I never realized that the Revolutionary War was fought at a close range to maximize the effectiveness of the weaponry during the 18th Century.
2. I learned that every one of the original 13 Continental Army generals that were appointed in 1775 had died only within a decade. This means that every member of the Revolutionary generation was gone. Ultimately, results to the memories and thoughts of the war to change because the people passing on the ideas and memories did not experience them first hand, unlike the Civil War.
3. I did not know that many civilians had also suffered heavily in deaths during the War of Independence. The perished from diseases that were spread by the soldiers on both sides. Civilians also died in frontier Indian attacks.
4. It was surprising to read that the War of Independence was seen as a lesser war-less demanding, less painful, less costly, and less vital. The popular interest was more into the Civil War. The Civil War drew attention because it had to deal with slavery, self-government, and the very survival of the United States.
5. The Revolutionary War was  America's longest declared war and lasted more than eight years. However, the Civil War was more bloody and it had the greatest loss in the   number of American lives.

LAD #3: Declaration of Independence

Summarize the Declaration of Independence in 3 parts 1.democratic principles, 2.list a handful of grievances, and 3. the conclusion

1. This constitution provided many new ideas during the time of 1776. It benefited the people of America because it gave them liberty as long as they remained in some type of boundaries. These ideas presented in the Declaration of Independence were democratic. For instance, the it stated that all men are created equal. Meaning it includes: the poor, wealthy, and blacks. In addition, it states that every person has life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The government cannot take any of these rights away from the people. Another democratic principle in this document is that if some reason the government goes against their obligations the people have the choice whether or not they are to leave office. These democratic principles are a main part of the constitution because it was made for the people and their freedom.

2.  The Declaration of Independence does not only include the democratic principles but it also contains a list of handful grievances. These grievances were America's grievances from being under Britain's rule to remind the people that as long as they are following the laws. Nothing unjust can happen to them by the government. The list of grievances were very long. It included:    protected against that the King, depriving the people from innocence until proven guilty by a jury, taxation without representation and basically depriving the people from their human born rights.

3. Therefore, the Declaration of Independence was created for the people guaranteeing them their human rights that they were deprived of before and making sure they had a strong and fair government  Mostly importantly, it officially separated the colonies from Britain's rule and unfair treatment of the king. Overall, this document is important because it finally allows America to be free and have control of their own lives that are fair.

LAD #2: John Peter Zenger

1. Who was John Peter Zenger?

• He came from Germany to New York City in 1710. He worked under Bradford and he was an apprentice of the New York Gazette's Printer. He later became a publisher and journalist. He often wrote about his opposition against Cosby who prosecuted Governor Dam 

2.  What was the controversy over his charges? Talk about Hamilton's defense

• It was said that Zenger was writing false information in his journals against Cosby. This was controversial because Hamilton stated that his writings were true and he could not be convicted for writing the truth.

3.  What influence did his case have on American governmental tradition?

• It ruined American traditions. The trial exemplified that juries could nullify unjust laws.

4.  What is the lasting significance of his trial? Explain.

• The major advancement was the freedom of the press. Due to this outcome, newspapers were allowed to criticize things as long as they were true and not false. 

LAD #1 Mayflower Compact & Fundamental Orders of Connecticut:

1.  What Concepts are included in the Mayflower Compact?

• The Mayflower Compact states that the settlers agree to come from the New World to establish the first colony in Virginia. In addition, this document shows the loyalty to the king and some type of  government being formed.

2.  How does the Mayflower Compact reflect and attachment to both the "Old" and "New" worlds?

• The Compact reflects the "Old" world because the settlers in a way promises a life of the "Old" world. They are still loyal to King James. In addition, they have named the king "Defender of the faith". This nickname shows the respect they have for the king, even though they are in the New World now. At the same time, it reflects ideas of the "New " world. Such as, making their own laws at their own benefit of the colony. This is showing the idea that even though they are still loyal to the king. The settlers believe they can still run this new colony on their own.

3. How did the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut differ from the Mayflower Compact?

• Both of these document dealt with the formation of some type of government. However, the Mayflower Compact was more general than the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. The Mayflower Compact established a framework of government for Plymouth. However, the other document was an early document of self-governance. It was more specific and dealt with how each process is carried out and how it works. It included an general assembly that met at different times in the year.

4. What prompted the colonists of Connecticut to take this approach to government, i.e.: use of a written Constitution?

• The settlers had no formal set of rules to follow. Therefore, to have a more organized colony that is stronger than before. They needed a set up of official rules to follow that will eventually create an unified government.

5. In what significant way(s) does the Fundamental Orders reflect a fear of and safeguard against the usurping of power by one person or a chosen few?

• This document forms a foundation of a democratic government. This helped people get a representation in the government. By allowing proper elections which eliminates the fear of usurping. This helps the people stay happy that they have a say. In addition, boundaries were created that limited the power in a specific group.

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